摘要：
本文目錄西安歷史博物館導(dǎo)游詞 英文西安鐘鼓樓城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞大雁塔英文導(dǎo)游詞一、西安歷史博物館導(dǎo)游詞 英文我是找了相關(guān)資料，然后在在線翻譯上翻過(guò)來(lái)的，沒(méi)有時(shí)間能夠細(xì)細(xì)幫你修改，要是用... 本文目錄
一、西安歷史博物館導(dǎo)游詞 英文
我是找了相關(guān)資料，然后在在線翻譯上翻過(guò)來(lái)的，沒(méi)有時(shí)間能夠細(xì)細(xì)幫你修改，要是用的成的話，還是找個(gè)好英語(yǔ)的幫你修改一下！！！費(fèi)力啊，哈哈，希望能幫上忙！
Shaanxi History Museum is a state-level large-scale modernization of the museum is a magnificent Tang-style building, covers an area of about 70,000 square meters, construction area of over 50,000 square meters. It brings together the culture of Shaanxi, shows the development of Chinese civilization, Shaanxi Province in China in view of the history of the status of the state to invest a total of 144,000,000 yuan for the construction of the Shaanxi Museum of History, in June 1991 completion and opening.
Flavor Architecture Museum, unique. It classical Chinese palace architecture and garden architecture closely together, coordinating colors, reflecting the traditional Chinese architectural style, at the same time with local characteristics and the spirit of the times.
Museum of Shaanxi Province unearthed antiques 113,000(Group) showroom area of 1100 square meters, at the prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system from 115 Million years ago until the year 1840, Shaanxi's history. In Chinese history, there have been 11 dynasties established their capitals in Shaanxi Province and will last for 1,000 years, is the capital of China's most Dynasty, the longest of the capital region, from a certain point, the ancient history of Shaanxi is China's history Enrichment.
● features: Museum of Shaanxi Province in ancient China into the palace courtyard with the architectural style in one, dignified and elegant, generous simplicity, the layout of coordination, the great momentum, reflecting the ethnic and local characteristics, the Library has central air-conditioning, lighting systems, multi-purpose use Computer management system and the central control system. Heritage and the Treasury have modern languages with simultaneous interpretation function Hall.
● Shaanxi Museum of History of the Tang Dynasty architectural style succession of powerful broad, dignified and elegant style, from traditional Chinese palace"axis of symmetry, the master-slave in an orderly manner, the central hall, Si Yu Chong-floor," the layout of the form and at the same time the use of modern advanced technology to China's Sheng Tang period classical architectural style with modern requirements of the museum features combined into one, has managed to maintain the old style with modern features. The roof of the Tang Dynasty used the prevalence of gray green glazed tile, Wah Kwai appears to be a solemn, simple person, wall materials like asbestos tiles,Doors and windows are tinted using large pieces of glass and aluminum framework, the Library can be equipped with temperature and humidity control of the closed central air-conditioning system of multi-functional lighting systems, automatic fire alarm systems, computer-controlled management system; heritage with science and technology center With-the-art laboratory to test repair techniques and means of protection. To enhance cultural exchange between China, has computer-controlled and have 300,000 books in the library and 6-language simultaneous interpretation of international academic Hall. In addition, there are facilities for cultural relics libraries, library, shopping and so on.
● collections: the Museum's collection of historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi 370,000 fine, visitors can enjoy prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing from 115 million years ago to Year in 1840 between the Shaanxi Cultural Relics.
● Structure: galleries with a total area of 11,000 square meters, to display the basic points, and temporary exhibits on display feature three parts, on display ancient history of Shaanxi, Shanxi Bronze Exhibition, Shaanxi show the essence of ancient pottery and domestic Tangmu murals show the most real thing Attractive.
● into the hall of the museum, in the face of huge photographs to show people Pentium Miangen roar of the Yellow River and the vast loess plateau. This is the birth of the breeding history and culture of Shaanxi's geographical location. Shaanxi Yellow Earth's history is the history of civilization. Heads held high standing in the central hall of the giant lion is the symbol of civilization. Its grand design, the surging momentum, the beautiful stone, Hongik Univ of vision, called"Eastern Lions in the first."This is the first in the history of Chinese stone lions from the only female Emperor Wu of Young's mother, Ling-shun. Ancient Chinese lion and the lion sculpture art from Afghanistan into Central Asia's strange romance with the immense depth of East Asia here so perfectly integrated into one, embodies the history and culture of Shaanxi tone.Nearly 1,500 m of exhibition by the basic line on display, special and temporary exhibits on display consists of three parts. Museum is located in the central up and down two floors to display the basic meta-historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi Province of the essence, the display of more than 3,000 pieces of rare treasures unearthed in Shaanxi from the hundreds of thousands of cultural relics selected from a number of precious cultural relics here from the public for the first time in World Bank, sub-prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system, from 115 million years ago by the year 1840, Shaanxi's ancient history, and a number of important people understand the Shaanxi Archeology The basic
Han four Wadang God(Suzaku) diameter of 15.8 cm, 2 cm wide margin round, Shaanxi Han Chang'an City ruins unearthed. Suzaku unloading the Pearl of the mouth, head Qiao Mei, the more dignified and powerful Meng, the sacred abnormal. Now in the possession of the Shaanxi History Museum.
陜西歷史博物館是國(guó)家級(jí)現(xiàn)代化大型博物館，是一組雄偉壯觀的仿唐建筑群，占地約7萬(wàn)平方米，建筑面積5萬(wàn)多平方米。它匯集了陜西文化精華，展現(xiàn)了中華文明的發(fā)展過(guò)程，鑒于陜西在中國(guó)歷史上的地位，國(guó)家共投資1.44億元人民幣，興建了陜西歷史博物館，于1991年6月建成開(kāi)放。
博物館建筑古樸典雅，別具特色。它將中國(guó)古典宮殿建筑和庭院建筑緊密地結(jié)合在一起，色彩協(xié)調(diào)，體現(xiàn)了中華民族的傳統(tǒng)建筑風(fēng)格，同時(shí)具有地方特色和時(shí)代精神。廈門導(dǎo)游胡大娘
博物館珍藏了陜西出土的文物精品11.3萬(wàn)件(組)展室面積達(dá)1100平方米，分史前、周、秦、漢、魏晉南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清七大部分，形象系統(tǒng)地展現(xiàn)出自115萬(wàn)年以前至公元1840年的陜西歷史。在中國(guó)歷史上，曾經(jīng)有11個(gè)朝代在陜西建都，歷時(shí)1000多年，是我國(guó)建都王朝最多，建都時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的地區(qū)，因此，從某種角度來(lái)說(shuō)，陜西古代史是中國(guó)歷史的濃縮。
●特點(diǎn)：陜西省博物館融中國(guó)古代宮殿與庭院建筑風(fēng)格于一體，典雅凝重，古樸大方，布局協(xié)調(diào)，氣勢(shì)宏偉，體現(xiàn)了民族風(fēng)格和地方特色，館內(nèi)設(shè)有中央空調(diào)、多功能照明系統(tǒng)，采用計(jì)算機(jī)管理系統(tǒng)和中央控制系統(tǒng)。設(shè)有現(xiàn)代化文物庫(kù)房和具備多種語(yǔ)言同聲傳譯功能的報(bào)告廳。鑲金玉鐲
●陜西歷史博物館建筑造型繼承唐代博大雄渾、典雅凝重的風(fēng)格，借鑒我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)宮殿“軸線對(duì)稱，主從有序，中央殿堂,四隅崇樓”的布局形式，同時(shí)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)技術(shù)，把我國(guó)盛唐時(shí)期古典建筑風(fēng)格與現(xiàn)代博物館功能要求有機(jī)地結(jié)合為一體，既保持了古老風(fēng)貌，又有現(xiàn)代化的特點(diǎn)。屋頂采用唐代盛行的灰綠色琉璃瓦，顯得華貴莊重，古樸大方，墻面材料為仿石棉磚，門窗則采用大塊茶色玻璃和鋁合金框架，館內(nèi)配備可控制溫濕度的全封閉中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，多功能的照明系統(tǒng)，自動(dòng)防火防盜系統(tǒng)，計(jì)算機(jī)控制管理系統(tǒng)；設(shè)有文物保護(hù)科技中心，具有先進(jìn)的化驗(yàn)、測(cè)試技術(shù)和文物保護(hù)修復(fù)手段。為加強(qiáng)中外文化交流，建有電腦控制并擁有30萬(wàn)冊(cè)藏書的圖書館和6國(guó)語(yǔ)言同聲傳譯的國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告廳。此外，還有設(shè)施完善的文物庫(kù)、資料室、購(gòu)物中心等。
西安旅游景點(diǎn)(爬山的英文)" title="西安旅游景點(diǎn)(爬山的英文)" >
●珍藏：館內(nèi)珍藏了陜西出土文物精品37萬(wàn)件，游客可欣賞到史前、周、秦、漢、魏、晉、南北朝、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清自115萬(wàn)年前到公元1840年間的陜西歷史文物。
●結(jié)構(gòu)：展室總面積達(dá)11000平方米，分基本陳列、專題陳列和臨時(shí)陳列三大部分，其中陜西古代史陳列、陜西青銅器珍品展、陜西歷代陶傭精華展和唐墓壁畫真品展最具吸引力。
●進(jìn)入博物館大廳，迎面巨幅照片向人們展現(xiàn)出奔騰咆哮的黃河和綿亙無(wú)垠的黃土高原。這是孕育誕生陜西歷史文化的地理環(huán)境。陜西的歷史是黃土地文明的歷史。昂首屹立在大廳中央的巨獅是這種文明的標(biāo)志。它造型雄偉，氣勢(shì)澎湃，石刻之精美，氣魄之弘大，堪稱“東方第一獅”。這頭石獅來(lái)自中國(guó)歷史上唯一的女皇帝武則天母親楊氏的順陵。中國(guó)古代的獅子及獅子雕刻藝術(shù)由阿富汗傳入，中亞的浪漫奇特與東亞的深沉渾厚在這里如此完美地融合為一體，集中體現(xiàn)了陜西歷史文化的基調(diào)。近1500米的展線由基本陳列、專題陳列和臨時(shí)陳列三部分組成。位于博物館中央上下兩層的基本陳列薈萃了陜西出土文物的精華，展出的3000余件稀世珍品從陜西出土的幾十萬(wàn)件文物中精選而來(lái)，許多珍貴文物在這里首次公諸于世，分史前、周、秦、漢、魏晉南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清七大部分，形象系統(tǒng)地展現(xiàn)出自115萬(wàn)年前至公元1840年的陜西古代歷史，并使人們了解陜西一些重要考古遺址的基本面貌。
漢·四神瓦當(dāng)（朱雀）直徑15.8厘米，邊輪寬2厘米，陜西漢長(zhǎng)安城遺址出土。朱雀口卸寶珠，昂首翹尾，更顯得威嚴(yán)勢(shì)猛，神圣異常。現(xiàn)藏于陜西歷史博物館。
二、西安鐘鼓樓城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞
導(dǎo)游詞，是導(dǎo)游人員引導(dǎo)游客觀光游覽時(shí)的講解詞，是導(dǎo)游員同游客交流思想，向游客傳播文化知識(shí)的工具，也是應(yīng)用寫作研究的`文體之一。特點(diǎn)是口語(yǔ)化，還具有知識(shí)性、文學(xué)性、禮節(jié)性等特點(diǎn)。以下是小篇為大家整理的西安鐘鼓樓城墻英文導(dǎo)游詞。
The Bell Tower Drum Tower and the City Well in Xi’an
Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:
Today we will have three places to visit—the Bell Tower the Drum Tower and the City Well. First we come to the Bell Tower.
The Bell Tower, a classical building with carved beams and painted rafters, has been served as the symbol of Xi’an. It stands in the center of the downtown area where the north street, the south street, the west street and the east street meet. And the tower house a huge bell which in ancient times was use to strike the time every morning. This is how the tower got its name. now it is an important historical monument in shaanxi Province.
The Bell tower was first built in Ying Xiang temple in 1384 during the Ming dynasty. It was moved to its present site in 1582 as a result of the city‘s expansion program.廈門外語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游
Ladies and gentlemen, There is a story about the Bell Tower. It’s said that the first emperor of Ming dynasty, Zhu yuanzhang, he was born in a poor family. Both his parent died when he was young, and he had to live a hard life. Later, he went to a temple to become a monk. When he ascended the throne, he was afraid of being deposed by someone of“real dragon”. Therefore, he gave orders to build bell tower all over the county to repress the“dragon spirits”. Xi’an has been the imperial capital city since ancient times. So the“dragon spirits” must be very strong here. That’s why the bell tower in Xi’an was not only built earlier, but also bigger than the other ones in the country. The base of the tower is 1,337.4 square meters in size, 8.6 meters high and 35.5 meters wide. It was laid with blue bricks all over. The whole building is 36 meters above ground. It is a brick-and–wood structure. The eaves are supported by colored“dou gong” a traditional structural system in which brackets are used to join columns and crossbeams, the use of dou gong made the whole building firm and beautiful.
Well, next we will visit the Drum Tower nearly.
The Drum Tower stands 500 meters to the northwest of the Bell Tower. It was built in 1380. There used to be a huge drum in the tower, which told the time at dark, and that is how the tower got its present name. Besides marking the time, the drum was also used to give warnings to people in times of war. The base of The Drum Tower is 1,924 square meters in size, and 34 meters in height. It was built with blue bricks. The Drum Tower has a rectangular shape and shows tier and the outside eaves are decorated with networks of wood arches.
At last, we will visit the famous city wall of Xi’an. The most complete and the best preserved city wall in china.
The city wall of Xi’an is an extension of the prior Tang dynasty structure. It was stared in 1370 and finished in 1378 and has a rectangular–shaped construction. It is over 4 kilometers from the east to west and about 3 kilometers from the north to south. And the total length is 13.7 kilometers. It stands 12 meters high, 12-14 meters wide across the top and 15-18 meters thick at the button. On the top of the city wall, there is a rampart every 120 meters, which extends out from the main wall. The top of the rampart is at the same level as the top of the wall. The ramparts were built to allow soldiers to see those enemies who would try to climb up the wall. The distance between every two ramparts is just within the range of arrow shot from either side. This allowed soldiers to protect the entire wall without exposing themselves to the enemy. There are altogether 98 of them on the city wall and each has a sentry building on top of it.
There are four main gates of the city wall-one on each side-named the east gate, the west gate, south gate and north gate. The four gates of the city wall were the only way to go into and out of town. In Xi’an, each of the four gates consists of three gate towers. The main gate tower is called ZhengLou which is located on top of the main part of the city wall. It is the inner one and is also the main entrance to the city. Zha lou is the gate tower which a suspension bridge and located outside of the city wall. It’s used to lift and lower the suspension bridge. Jian lou is the arrow tower and located in between the Zhenglou and Zhaloutowers. There are square windows in the front and on the two sides to shoot arrows. Jianlou and Zhenglou are connected by walls and the encircled area is called Wongcheng in which soldiers could be stationed. From Wongcheng, there are also horse passages leading to the top of the wall. There are altogether eleven horse passages around the city.
A watch tower is located on each of the four corners of the wall. The one at the southwestern corner is round, probably after the model of the imperial city wall of the Tang dynasty. But the other three are square and are higher and larger than the sentry building on the ramparts. This shows the strategic importance of the corners of the city wall.
All right, we have finished visiting the famous city wall of Xi’an. Thank you.
三、大雁塔英文導(dǎo)游詞
大雁塔景區(qū)是一處佛教圣地，與唐代高僧玄奘法師有密切的關(guān)系，唐僧取經(jīng)譯經(jīng)的故事就發(fā)生在這里。我為大家整理了大雁塔英文導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎大家閱讀。更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容請(qǐng)關(guān)注導(dǎo)游詞欄目。
As the symbol of the old-line Xian, Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a well-preserved ancient building and a holy place for Buddhists. It is located in the southern suburb of Xian City, about 4 kilometers(2.49 miles) from the downtown of the city. Standing in the Da Ci'en Temple complex, it attracts numerous visitors for its fame in the Buddhist religion, its si-mp-le but appealing style of construction, and its new square in front of the temple. It is rated as a National Key Cultural Relic Preserve as well as an AAAA Tourist Attraction.
This attraction can be divided into three parts: the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Da Ci'en Temple, and the North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
Originally built in 652 during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty(618-907), it functioned to collect Buddhist materials that were taken from India by the hierarch Xuanzang.
started off from Chang'an(the ancient Xian), along the Silk Road and through deserts, finally arriving in India, the cradle of Buddhism. Enduring 17 years and traversing 100 countries, he obtained Buddha figures, 657 kinds of sutras, and several Buddha relics廈門去土樓包車. Having gotten the permission of Emperor Gaozong(628-683), Xuanzang, as the first abbot of Da Ci'en Temple, supervised the building of a pagoda inside it. With the support of royalty, he asked 50 hierarchs into the temple to translate Sanskrit in sutras into Chinese, totaling 1,335 volumes, which heralded a new era in the history of translation. Based on the journey to India, he also wrote a book entitled'Pilgrimage to the West' in the Tang Dynasty, to which scholars attached great importance.
First built to a height of 60 meters(197 feet) with five stories, it is now 64.5 meters(211.6 feet) high with an additional two stories. It was said that after that addition came the saying-'Saving a life exceeds building a seven-storied pagoda'. Externally it looks like a square cone, si-mp-le but grand and it is a masterpiece of Buddhist construction. Built of brick, its structure is very firm. Inside the pagoda, stairs twist up so that visitors can climb and overlook the panorama of Xian City from the arch-shaped doors on four sides of each storey. On the walls are engraved fine statues of Buddha by the renowned artist Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty. Steles by noted calligraphers also grace the pagoda.
Da Ci'en Temple is the home of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In 648, to commemorate the dead virtuous queen, royalty ordered the building of a temple named'Ci'en'(Mercy and Kindness), for which the status and scale far exceeded all others. Today, with an area of 32,314 square meters(38,648.5 square yards), one seventh of the original area, it still retains its grandeur.
Before the temple, there stands a statue of hierarch Xuanzang, the meritorious hierarch. Walking on and acroa small bridge, visitors will see the gates of the temple. With guarding lions, the temple seems stately for lions were said to function as talismans.
Entering the temple you will see two buildings-Bell Tower in the east and Drum Tower in the west. Inside the Bell Tower hangs an iron bell 15 tons(14.76 grotons) in weight. It was molded in 1548 in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644). Along the central axis are arranged the Hall of Mahavira, Sermon Hall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and the Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang. In the Hall of Mahavira are three carved statues of Sakyamuni, and 18 arhats as well as Xuanzang. The Sermon Hall is where Buddhist disciples would listen to a sermon. A bronze statue of Amitabha is dedicated and a Buddha statue is collected by Xuanzang as oblation. The Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang is north of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In this hall are Xuanzang's relic and a bronze statue of a seated Xuanzang. The inner wall is chiseled with murals depicting this hierarch's story. Renowned as the contemporary Dunhuang Buddhist storehouse praised by UNESCO, it is the biggest memorial of Xuanzang.
大雁塔景區(qū)是一處佛教圣地，是國(guó)家AAAA級(jí)景區(qū)，與唐代高僧玄奘法師有密切的關(guān)系，唐僧取經(jīng)譯經(jīng)的故事就發(fā)生在這里。所有佛教寺院，都是僧眾供佛、禮佛、誦經(jīng)的道場(chǎng)，而大慈恩寺、大雁塔與其他寺院相比究竟有什么特別之處呢?古今中外和尚如云、高僧無(wú)數(shù)，那么唐僧玄奘何許人也?
唐僧取經(jīng)的故事為什么廣為流傳，今天大家參觀過(guò)這個(gè)景區(qū)后，就會(huì)找到以上問(wèn)題的答案。相信大家都知道《西游記》唐僧取經(jīng)的故事吧?然而在這個(gè)景區(qū)卻沒(méi)有《西游記》神話中“唐僧師父”，也找不到降妖除魔的“孫悟空、豬八戒和沙和尚”。
但你會(huì)感受到一個(gè)活生生的、真實(shí)的唐僧玄奘西天取經(jīng)故事。要說(shuō)玄奘何許人?我們說(shuō)他是一位頂天立地的中國(guó)人，是一個(gè)具有民族精神和愛(ài)國(guó)主義情懷的中國(guó)人。他又是一個(gè)得道的高僧，唐太宗尊稱他是“法門之領(lǐng)袖”，唐高宗稱他是“真如之冠冕”。
各位游客，我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)到了大雁塔南廣場(chǎng)。本景區(qū)由主景區(qū)即大慈恩寺、大雁塔和南北廣場(chǎng)、東西兩苑組成，占地約500畝。在廣場(chǎng)的中央矗立著一尊唐僧玄奘西天取經(jīng)的高大銅像。只見(jiàn)他氣宇軒昂，身披袈裟，手執(zhí)錫杖，邁著堅(jiān)定的步伐，好象正奔波在西行取經(jīng)的路途上。身后就是他開(kāi)創(chuàng)的慈恩祖庭，是他主持的譯經(jīng)道場(chǎng)大慈恩寺，以及他所修建的大雁塔。
玄奘(602-664年)，俗姓陳名祎，河南偃師人，自幼聰慧超群，勤奮好學(xué)。13歲被朝廷破格錄取，在洛陽(yáng)凈土寺剃度為僧。玄奘先后周游全國(guó)十余省，遍訪十余位高僧名賢，拜學(xué)經(jīng)典，窮盡各家學(xué)說(shuō)，譽(yù)滿京師，被譽(yù)為“釋門偉器和佛門千里駒。”在全國(guó)各地游學(xué)后，他回顧佛教傳入中國(guó)600年以來(lái)、佛經(jīng)殘缺不全，教義分歧，派別紛爭(zhēng)的狀況。玄奘在對(duì)佛經(jīng)研習(xí)中，對(duì)佛經(jīng)的質(zhì)疑之處多達(dá)百余條。
他決意到佛教發(fā)源地---天竺國(guó)，也就是現(xiàn)今的印度，去探求佛教的精蘊(yùn)，以解眾疑，弘揚(yáng)佛法。公元627年他結(jié)伴上表奏請(qǐng)，申請(qǐng)赴印求法，未得到朝廷的批準(zhǔn)。其他人紛紛退縮，而他不為所動(dòng)，矢志不改，并且利用出國(guó)之前3年時(shí)間，從佛經(jīng)研究、語(yǔ)言梵文及物質(zhì)精神等方面作了充分準(zhǔn)備。遂違禁出關(guān)，即違法偷渡出境，晝伏夜行，只身前往，開(kāi)始了他西天取經(jīng)的艱難歷程和傳奇故事。現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家繼續(xù)參觀。
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到大慈恩寺，寺院的正門稱為山門，也叫三門，分別稱為空門、無(wú)作門、無(wú)相門，象征著佛教的三解脫之門。大家看，門上的牌匾是江澤民同志親自題寫的“大慈恩寺”幾個(gè)金光閃閃的大字。慈恩寺創(chuàng)建于隋開(kāi)皇九年(公元589年)，初名“無(wú)漏寺”.公元648年，唐高宗李治作太子時(shí)，為其母以追薦冥福修建寺院，故得名“慈恩寺”。寺院雖系太子李治為其母追福而建，也表達(dá)了其父唐太宗懷念文德皇后的心愿。
唐太宗和文德皇后從小結(jié)發(fā)，情深意長(zhǎng)，13歲即“嬪于太宗”，當(dāng)時(shí)太宗李世民才17歲。太宗即位時(shí)，立其為皇后。文德皇后為人賢良正直，顧全大局，嚴(yán)于律已，她為了大唐社稷，力避裙帶之嫌，她堅(jiān)持不愿自己兄弟子侄擔(dān)任朝廷要職。而對(duì)于魏征、房玄齡等忠勇良臣，卻全力保諫愛(ài)護(hù)。皇后的申明大義，正直賢慧，成為大唐貞觀盛世的良佐棟梁。
在臨終遺言時(shí)還強(qiáng)調(diào)“不可厚葬，儉薄送終”。如此賢淑開(kāi)朗，確不愧為一位有膽識(shí)、有胸懷的女政治家。對(duì)文德皇后的去世，太宗十分悲慟，向近臣表白：“朕非不知天命而無(wú)益之悲，但入宮不復(fù)聞規(guī)諫之言，失一良佐，故不能忘懷耳!”所以大慈恩寺的創(chuàng)建，實(shí)際是唐太宗父子兩代為文德皇后祈福之舉，也是唐王朝對(duì)一代賢后的紀(jì)念。
唐代大慈恩寺位于長(zhǎng)安城南晉昌坊東半部，約398畝，總共1897間，僧眾300，為長(zhǎng)安規(guī)模宏偉之佛教寺院之一。在慈恩寺建成之初，朝廷特地迎請(qǐng)從印度取經(jīng)回到長(zhǎng)安、正在弘福寺譯經(jīng)的玄奘擔(dān)任寺院的上座住持，大慈恩寺遂成為當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)佛教界的最高學(xué)府而輝煌一時(shí)。唐末以后因戰(zhàn)事不斷，寺院逐漸荒蕪，經(jīng)歷代多次維修，至公元1446年，才奠定了今日寺院規(guī)模。
現(xiàn)在寺院的范圍東西闊160米左右，南北長(zhǎng)318米左右，共計(jì)93畝，該寺院主要建筑，由南向北依次排列著山門、鐘鼓樓、東西配殿、法堂藏經(jīng)樓，大雁塔及玄奘三藏院。東西兩側(cè)分別為方丈院、僧院、寺管院、文管院等。
我們大家走進(jìn)山門，可以看到鐘、鼓二樓對(duì)峙，東側(cè)鐘樓內(nèi)懸掛有一口鐵鑄的“雁塔晨鐘”。該鐘鑄造于公元l548年，鐘上鑄有“雁塔晨鐘”4個(gè)蒼勁的大字，這口雁塔晨鐘自造成啟用至今天，一直作為大慈恩寺行儀規(guī)范，是本寺佛教活動(dòng)和眾僧生活的組成部分。晨鐘作為佛教大型法器，是召集眾僧進(jìn)行法事之用。
寺院僧人們每天聞鐘而起，聞鼓而眠。當(dāng)拂曉時(shí)分，晨鐘那洪亮的陣陣鐘聲劃破晨曦朝霞，回繞在西安城南上空，共敲3陣，每陣36響，共鳴108響，表示斷除塵世人生108種煩惱，祈禱盛世太平、萬(wàn)民安樂(lè)、五谷豐登。
西側(cè)鼓樓懸掛一面大鼓，寺院稱為暮鼓，為橫置座鼓形式，鐘、鼓均為寺院大型法器。東西配殿原為東觀音殿，現(xiàn)為客堂，西為地藏殿。
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到大雄寶殿參觀。高臺(tái)上的大雄寶殿為寺院的中心建筑，大雄寶殿的匾額金光閃閃，系已故中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)趙樸初先生所書。大殿前香火興旺，大殿內(nèi)供奉有佛祖三身佛像，中為法身佛毗盧遮那佛，西為法身佛盧舍那佛，東為應(yīng)身佛釋迦牟尼佛。
佛像兩側(cè)是佛的弟子，東為迦葉，西為阿難，兩旁還有普賢菩薩塑像和文殊菩薩像，均為明代雕塑，分別象征真理和智慧。另外東西兩廂排列著包括玄奘在內(nèi)的18尊羅漢像，此種排列是將佛的16位聲聞尊者與其說(shuō)者慶友、譯者玄奘共列為18羅漢，為我國(guó)18羅漢較早的排列形式，以后還有其它排列形式。
羅漢是小乘佛教修行的最高境界，指已消除一切煩惱進(jìn)入涅槃,不再生死輪回，應(yīng)受天人供養(yǎng)者。羅漢的三義即為：殺界，就是斷絕貪、嗔、癡等一切煩惱;應(yīng)供。應(yīng)受外人供養(yǎng);不生，永遠(yuǎn)進(jìn)入涅槃，不再進(jìn)入生死輪回。在大殿供奉的主尊背后塑有立于大海鰲頭之上的南海觀音菩薩像及眾菩薩、龍女、木叉等150身人物，還有善財(cái)童子53參求法學(xué)道故事，生動(dòng)有趣，生動(dòng)展示出南海之中普陀洛伽山觀音菩薩說(shuō)法道場(chǎng)的蓬萊仙境。
在大雄寶殿西側(cè)墻壁上鑲嵌著幾通“雁塔題名記”碑，象這樣的雁塔題名碑在我景區(qū)有幾十通。“雁塔題名”始于唐代，指得是在長(zhǎng)安考中的狀元和進(jìn)士，齊集大雁塔題名，以及武舉在小雁塔題名的文化活動(dòng)，明嘉靖十九年(1540年)陜西鄉(xiāng)試題名碑文就有：“名題雁塔天地間第一流人第一等事也。”
唐代詩(shī)人白居易在公元800年考中進(jìn)士后賦詩(shī)道：“慈恩塔下題名處，十七人中最少年。”一時(shí)成為佳話。人稱“寒酸孟夫子”的孟郊，在46歲才中進(jìn)士，他賦詩(shī)曰：“昔日齷齪不足夸，今朝放蕩思無(wú)涯。春風(fēng)得意馬蹄疾，一日看盡長(zhǎng)安花。”他登科后“春風(fēng)得意”的著名詩(shī)句，成為膾炙人口的美談。
在古都長(zhǎng)安雁塔題名活動(dòng)雖延續(xù)一千多年，而進(jìn)士題名僅僅延續(xù)到唐末。因?yàn)樽蕴颇┮院蟾鞒鞔L(zhǎng)安城不再是國(guó)都京城，陜甘兩省鄉(xiāng)試舉人仿效唐進(jìn)士雅舉在雁塔進(jìn)行題名活動(dòng)。在大慈恩寺院內(nèi)和大雁塔上，至今尚存的明清兩朝鄉(xiāng)試舉人題名碑有73通。另外在薦福寺小雁塔院內(nèi)至今也保存有明清武舉題名碑17通，也稱“雁塔題名”。因?yàn)樵诖笮⊙闼滦迫祟}名于塔壁、頗具唐風(fēng)遺韻，后來(lái)逐漸形成為文題大雁塔、武題小雁塔。這些都是研究我國(guó)科學(xué)制度的歷史資料。
大殿北面為兩層高的法堂藏經(jīng)樓，上層藏有玄奘曾翻譯的經(jīng)卷，下為法堂，供奉著一尊阿彌陀佛像，系明代銅鑄鎏金佛像。法堂還陳列著玄奘供奉的佛座、玄奘負(fù)笈圖及窺基、圓測(cè)碑拓畫像等。圓測(cè)市新羅國(guó)王孫，由年出家來(lái)到中國(guó)后，從學(xué)于玄奘門下;窺基是玄奘嫡傳弟子，本是開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)孜具t恭的侄子，每當(dāng)出門有三車廂隨，故有“三車和尚”的綽號(hào)。由此可見(jiàn)玄奘在當(dāng)時(shí)的名聲與地位。
現(xiàn)在，大家來(lái)到大雁塔腳下，大雁塔原稱慈恩寺浮圖。玄奘法師為了妥善保存從印度取經(jīng)帶回的大量佛經(jīng)和佛舍利，于公元652年附圖表上奏，經(jīng)朝廷批準(zhǔn)，在本寺西院，建造5層佛塔。每層皆存舍利，共一萬(wàn)余粒。玄奘法師親自參加建塔勞動(dòng)，搬運(yùn)磚石，歷時(shí)兩年才建成。
至于“雁塔”的名稱由來(lái)，有數(shù)種說(shuō)法。而玄奘自己編撰的《大唐西域記》中所述的佛教故事最為可信。據(jù)玄奘的《大唐西域記》記載，佛教在早期分大乘和小乘兩宗，大乘戒食肉，小乘不戒。古印度摩揭陀國(guó)有一座王舍城，城外帝釋山上有一寺院，寺院和尚信奉小乘教，一天，中午將過(guò)，眾僧饑腸轆轆，午飯尚未著落，甚為埋怨。
有一和尚忽見(jiàn)空中群雁飛過(guò)，隨口出戲言：我等諸僧多日沒(méi)有吃肉了，若菩薩有靈，應(yīng)知我們的困境呀!話音剛落，即見(jiàn)頭雁退著飛，到了這個(gè)僧人前便折斷翅膀掉了下來(lái)，眾僧人大驚，明白是如來(lái)設(shè)法教育他們，眾僧急忙跪拜，并將那只雁葬于院中。上建一塔，取名雁塔，從此歸信大乘，不再吃肉。這就是雁塔名稱的由來(lái)。
“雁塔”一詞前加一“大”字，一是因塔的建筑宏偉壯麗，二是后建的薦福寺塔也隨著稱為雁塔，為了區(qū)別，遂分別稱為大雁塔、小雁塔。玄奘在印度求法時(shí)，還專程前往參禮了這座有名的雁塔。
玄奘法師親自組織建造的這座佛塔，因磚表土心，風(fēng)雨剝蝕，40多年后逐漸毀壞。武則天長(zhǎng)安年間(公元701--704年)女皇武則天和王公貴戚施錢重建。遂將大雁塔改建為七層寶塔，人稱七級(jí)浮圖，較前更加莊嚴(yán)雄偉。人們常說(shuō)得：“救人一命，勝造七級(jí)浮圖”，概由此而來(lái)。
千百年來(lái)，大雁塔一直是古城西安的象征和標(biāo)志性建筑。高聳入云的大雁塔，象征著玄奘法師崇高的人格品質(zhì)和偉大精神廈門會(huì)議包車。
大雁塔是典型的仿木構(gòu)樓閣式磚塔，更以“唐僧取經(jīng)”故事馳名中外。大雁塔由塔座、塔身、塔剎組成，通高為64.7米，門楣門框上雕刻有唐代線刻畫。四門楣分別以流暢生動(dòng)的陰刻線雕有佛、菩薩、金剛力士畫像。特別是西門楣線刻畫中，那講經(jīng)說(shuō)法的佛祖，神情端莊慈祥，30尊各路菩薩神態(tài)自若、栩栩如生。是今天我們研究唐代建筑、佛教藝術(shù)和歷史文化的珍貴資料。廈門導(dǎo)游惡心嗎
在雄偉的大雁塔底層南門洞兩側(cè)嵌置著唐太宗所撰“大唐三藏圣教序”碑，和唐高宗作太子時(shí)所撰“大唐三藏圣教序記”碑，兩通“二圣”豐碑，均由當(dāng)時(shí)的中書令(宰相職)褚遂良所書。像這樣兩碑碑文和碑額都相對(duì)排列，左右對(duì)稱。鑲嵌于佛塔，這是絕無(wú)僅有的。碑文下方又雕刻有衣帶飄逸，舞姿飛動(dòng)的舞樂(lè)天人，細(xì)看“序”碑樂(lè)師所執(zhí)樂(lè)器為管樂(lè)，而“記”碑樂(lè)器為弦樂(lè)。如此天樂(lè)舞姿，猶如佛國(guó)仙境。
有人稱雁塔圣教序碑為“二圣三絕碑”。一是二圣御撰——太宗李世民撰《序》，太子李治撰《記》之威名，二是玄奘取經(jīng)——贊揚(yáng)玄奘西天取經(jīng)宣揚(yáng)佛法之內(nèi)容，三是大家書法——褚遂良之書法名作，四是立于皇都——長(zhǎng)安城內(nèi)佛門大慈恩寺的莊嚴(yán)神圣之地。所以此碑為國(guó)寶中之瑰寶，名碑中更享盛名。
